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The right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy is a surgical procedure used to treat colon cancer in its early stages. This minimally invasive surgery allows the removal of the affected colon segment, preserving the rest of the intestine. Through small incisions in the abdomen, a chamber and the instruments necessary to perform the operation are inserted. The right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy has numerous benefits compared to open surgery, such as faster recovery, less postoperative pain and lower risk of complications.
The right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy is a surgical technique that consists of the removal of the right portion of the colon by the use of laparoscopy. During the procedure, several small incisions are made in the abdomen through which a chamber and the necessary surgical instruments are inserted. The right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy is mainly used in the treatment of colon cancer in its early stages, allowing for safe and effective removal of the tumor with minimal invasion and rapid recovery for the patient.
Laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the treatment of colon cancer due to its numerous advantages. This minimally invasive technique allows less aggression to the patient by performing small incisions instead of a large abdominal incision. It also provides better vision inside the abdomen through the laparoscopic camera, which facilitates the accurate identification and removal of the tumor. Laparoscopic surgery is also associated with faster recovery, less postoperative pain and lower risk of complications compared to open surgery. These benefits make laparoscopic surgery a preferred option in the treatment of colon cancer.
The objectives of the right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy are the safe and complete removal of the colon segment affected by the cancer, preserving the functionality of the rest of the intestine and ensuring a good blood flow. During surgery, precise identification and dissection of anatomical structures is also sought to avoid damage to neighbouring organs. The proper reconstruction of the intestinal transit is another fundamental objective for ensuring the proper functioning of the digestive system in the future. In short, the primary objective of the right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy is to eradicate the tumor and maintain the patient’s intestinal function.
Before undergoing a right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy, adequate preparation is necessary. This includes a pre-operative evaluation of the patient to assess his/her overall health and confirm his or her aptitude for surgery. In addition, a colon preparation is carried out before surgery to ensure that it is clean and empty, which facilitates the procedure and reduces the risk of infection. It is also important that the patient follow the fasting and medication suspension instructions before the intervention to minimize the risks and ensure a successful recovery.
Pre-operative evaluation of the patient is essential to ensure safe and successful surgery. During this evaluation, medical tests and examinations are carried out to assess the general health of the patient, such as blood tests, electrocardiogram and chest x-rays. The patient’s medical history, including medications, allergies and pre-existing conditions, is also reviewed. All this data enables the medical team to make informed decisions and adapt the surgical plan to the individual needs of each patient.
Preparing the colon before surgery is crucial to ensuring a clean surgical field and decreasing the risk of complications. A low-residue diet and the use of laxatives or enemas to completely empty the colon are usually recommended. This colon cleansing allows the surgeon to work more accurately and facilitates the identification of anatomical structures during laparoscopic surgery. It is important to follow the instructions of the medical equipment and properly comply with the colon preparation before the intervention.
Before the right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy, it is necessary to fast for a certain period. This is done to ensure that the stomach is empty during surgery and reduce the risk of complications associated with anesthesia. In addition, certain medications, such as anticoagulants or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, should be discontinued prior to surgery to prevent excessive bleeding during surgery. It is important to follow the instructions of the medical team regarding fasting and drug suspension to ensure the safety and success of the procedure.
The procedure of the right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy is a surgical technique used to treat colon cancer. It is carried out by small incisions in the abdomen through which the switches are inserted, special instruments allowing the insertion of the chamber and other instruments necessary to carry out the surgery. This technique offers several advantages, such as faster recovery and less postoperative pain compared to open surgery.
To perform the right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy, the patient is placed in Trendelenburg position, that is, with the head down and the feet raised. This allows the movement of the intra-abdominal organs to the pelvis, facilitating the operation. The switches are then placed in the abdomen, following a specific technique to avoid damaging the internal organs during insertion.
Once the switches are placed, the relevant anatomical structures are identified and dissected. This includes identifying the main blood vessels that irrigate the right colon, such as the ileocolic artery and the right colic artery. These arteries are carefully linked and segmented to allow the resection of the colon segment affected by the cancer.
Once the anatomical structures are identified and disaggregated, resection of the affected colon segment is carried out. This involves the removal of the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure the complete elimination of the cancer cells. During this stage, an endo-GIA device can be used to perform the section and suture of the colon more accurately and safely.
After the resection of the affected colon segment, the reconstruction of the intestinal transit proceeds. This involves joining the two healthy parts of the colon by anastomosis technique, either by suture or clusters. Once reconstruction is completed, the integrity of the anastomosis is checked and ensuring that the intestinal flow is normal before the surgery is finished.
After a right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy, it is important to consider appropriate postoperative care to successful recovery. Pain should be controlled and managed effectively, using medically prescribed painkillers. In addition, measures should be taken to prevent and control complications that may arise, such as infections or respiratory problems. It is recommended to follow all the instructions of the medical equipment, including keeping the wounds clean and dry, applying the topical medicines as indicated and making the corresponding bandage changes. In addition, it is important that the patient has adequate emotional and psychological support during the recovery process.
Pain management is crucial in the postoperative stage of a right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy. The medical team will use different techniques to control pain, such as administering painkillers, both oral and intravenous, depending on the patient’s needs. In addition, non-pharmacological techniques, such as applying heat or cold to the incision area, can be used to relieve localized pain. It is important to be alert to possible complications, such as excessive bleeding, infections, urinary or respiratory problems, and immediately report any symptoms or conditions that cause discomfort to your doctor.
After a right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy, it is necessary to follow an appropriate diet that allows the patient to recover. In the first hours after surgery, a liquid diet with foods such as light broths, jelly or infusions may be recommended. As the patient recovers, more solid and nutritious foods, such as purés or soft foods that are easy to digest, will be introduced. It is important to avoid foods that may cause discomfort or digestion difficulties, such as fried, spicy or very fatty foods. It is recommended to follow the instructions of the medical team and consult with a nutritionist to ensure a balanced and appropriate diet to individual needs.
Following a right hemicolectomy by laparoscopy, follow-up and medical examinations will be carried out to ensure adequate recovery and detect any possible complication or recurrence of colon cancer. These reviews include periodic visits to the surgeon, blood tests to evaluate tumor markers and imaging tests, such as ultrasound or colonoscopy, as directed by the doctor. During these reviews, patient progress will be assessed, test results discussed and the long-term follow-up plan provided. It is essential to comply with all appointments and follow medical instructions to ensure proper monitoring and early detection of any problems.